Launch Event “A Companion to Nō and Kyōgen Theatre”

日本語は英語の後に続きます

Exciting news! We will be celebrating the publication of A Companion to Nō and Kyōgen Theatre with a symposium to be held at Hōsei University on October 11-12 2025.

Nō and kyōgen theatre are among the longest continuously staged dramatic forms in the world and are deeply connected to Japanese arts, culture, society, and history. This richly illustrated two-volume set brings together the important elements of these traditions to offer new insights, with contributions by Japanese and non-Japanese experts from a broad range of disciplines. It represents the most ambitious and exhaustive exploration of nō and kyōgen to date, and is an invaluable resource for both scholars and enthusiasts.

As one of the main editors, I will contribute with a talk (online!) in the session “Nō in the Present Age,” where I will present alongside Yokoyama Tarō and will take part in the roundable on discussion that follows.

Many illustrious scholars, editors, authors, and special guests will also be participating, making this an exceptional occasion to reflect on the significance of nō and kyōgen today.

Both the book and the symposium are the fruit of the vision and leadership of Yamanaka Reiko, who has worked tirelessly to build bridges between nō and the world, and between Japanese and international scholars. This gathering is a true step forward in the internationalization of nō.

I very much hope you can join us.

お知らせです!このたび『A Companion to Nō and Kyōgen Theatre』の出版を記念して、シンポジウムが開催されます(2025年10月11日〜12日)。私は編者の一人として、オンラインで参加し、「現代に生きる能楽」のセッションにて横山太郎さんとともに発表し、ラウンドテーブル・ディスカッションにも加わります。

著名な研究者、編者、執筆者、そして特別ゲストが多数参加し、能と狂言の今日的な意義を考える大変貴重な機会となります。

本書とシンポジウムは、能と世界、そして国際的な研究者と日本の研究者をつなぐ架け橋を築いてこられた山中玲子先生のご尽力とリーダーシップの賜物です。本イベントは、能の国際化にとって大きな一歩となるでしょう。

ぜひ多くの方にご参加いただければ幸いです

Thoughts on performing Funa Benkei – 能《船弁慶》を演じて

[Japanese follows English  英語の後に日本語が続きます]

On August 25, 2024, I performed the nō Funa Benkei at the Kongō Nō Theatre in Kyoto. This was my second time performing a full nō play—the first was Kiyotsune back in 2013—and my first time since obtaining the shihan (instructor) license. I have been encouraged to share some thoughts about this experience.

First, I spent a year preparing for this performance, working step by step, block by block, following the regular practice schedule which, in my case, means two practice sessions with my teacher, Udaka Tatsushige, per month. Although numerous amateurs have short classes, I am lucky enough to train for up to two hours per session. In addition to this there is individual practice, which may take place anywhere, in the car (I chant a lot when I drive), at home, but also borrowing our practice space, or even renting a full theatre hall (as I did in Otsu, near Miidera). These individual sessions increased as the performance date approached. I started with the chant, then moved on to the dances, and finally incorporated the dialogue. This gradual process was very helpful, giving me peace of mind as the performance day approached. By the time I was ready to perform, I didn’t feel overwhelmed or stressed. Instead, I had the space to enjoy the experience. 

On the day of the performance, as I watched the others prepare backstage, I felt a deep sense of gratitude for the opportunity to share this moment with them. Even though I did not speak much (the shite is not supposed to be verbal before going on stage), I could feel the energy from everyone around me, especially from my teacher and his younger brother. Seeing them, the direct heirs of my previous teacher, reminded me of the continuity of this tradition, and I felt honored to be a part of it.

A particularly powerful moment was when I stood before the mirror, about to put on the mask. The mask symbolizes so much—the character, the history, the ethos of nō itself. Knowing that the masks I used were carved by my previous teacher, Udaka Michishige, and his daughter made it even more meaningful. As I placed the mask on my face, I had to hold back tears, overwhelmed by the weight of tradition, that is, the personal connection to those who came before me.

During the performance, I had little time to think. My focus was on avoiding mistakes, maintaining my composure, and creating the right shape. For an amateur like me, this alone is a great feat. I concentrated on my breathing, ensuring I had enough breath for my lines, and I listened closely to the other performers and musicians, responding to them as best I could. I felt the power of the other performers, and sensed how they were all deeply engaged in the performance. Their energy fueled me, which made me realize just how vital this collective effort is in creating something truly special. This sense of collaboration is what makes theater such a unique art form. Nō takes this to the extreme, reducing the number of performances just to one single event.

As I stood on stage, I recognized many familiar faces in the audience, which greatly motivated me to do my best. After all, nō is performed for an audience, and knowing that their gaze was on me put me in a good place, even though I felt humbled and somewhat worried, knowing that many important guests were present. I am fortunate enough to collaborate with top scholars of nō theatre, both in Japan and internationally. Performing in front of them was daunting, to say the least. Having the waka sōke, Kongō Tatsunori (the son of the iemoto) as the chorus leader, along with many other respected professionals from the nō arts participating in the performance, made me feel like the one out of place on that stage. However, after many years of practice, I’ve learned to overcome that shyness and accept that I can show them who I am without worrying too much about perfection.

Several people told me they thought the first half (Shizuka Gozen) was particularly good, and I have to agree—I enjoyed that part very much. Both halves of the performance had their own difficulties. Dancing in kinagashi, especially for someone with long legs like mine, is not easy. The costume restricts movement to tiny steps, making it challenging to maintain balance. The second half requires skills that take a longer time to hone. Performing powerful yet clean kata, knowing when to speed up and when to slow down, demands much experience, particularly when wearing a mask and costume. The added difficulty of handling the naginata in this play was something I was concerned about. I worried that I might accidentally strike the musicians with the blade, especially during jumps. Long arms can indeed be dangerous! The mask further complicates things by limiting stereoscopic vision, making it difficult to judge depth—crucial for ensuring the safety of the other cast members. This kind of awareness and control can only be developed through experience on stage with a full cast.

What struck me this time was the contrast between the solitude of preparation and the collaborative energy of the performance. In nō, much of the training is solitary, often just you and your teacher. But when you step onto the stage, it’s a group effort, and the tension created by this transition is essential to the rendition of the play. Had we trained and worked together for months, the performance wouldn’t have had the same intensity or spontaneity.

I was also very happy to share the stage with my student, Nami, who took the role of Yoshitsune. She started from zero and made remarkable progress over the past two and a half years. Witnessing their improvement and development has been incredibly rewarding, and I am deeply grateful for that.

After the performance, I felt surprisingly energized. In contrast to my first performance, where I felt too tired to even think about doing it again, this time I wanted to go back on stage right away and correct my mistakes. There were many, but I felt a strong desire to improve and continue.

When it comes to feedback, my teacher, who is usually very verbal, logical, and analytical during practice, is rather dry after performances. Actually, I appreciate that, because I understand how difficult it is to give feedback and how much weight words can carry. Anyway, his comments were generally positive, and although I was critical of myself, pointing out the things I didn’t do right or should have done better, he tried to turn that into something positive. He emphasized that each accomplishment is just a step toward the continuous path of development. This idea is really important and provides the fuel to keep moving forward.

All in all, I am satisfied with how the performance and the event in general went, and I look forward to my next project. Thank you for reading, and for your support.

Diego Pellecchia

2024年8月25日、京都の金剛能楽堂にて能《船弁慶》を勤めさせて頂きました。今回が私にとって二度目の能の公演であり、師範の免許を取得してから初めての公演となります。この経験について、いくつか思いを共有するよう勧められました。

まず、この公演に向けて一年間準備を進め、一歩一歩、ブロックごとに計画を立てて取り組みました。私の場合、月に二回、師匠の宇髙竜成先生の元でお稽古しています。一回の稽古はおよそ2時間です。おそらく、素人弟子にはたっぷりの時間を頂いていると思います。

これに加えて、自己練習も行いました。車の中(運転中によく謡います)、自宅、あるいは稽古場を借りて、さらには大津の三井寺近くにある伝統芸能会館を丸ごと借り切ることもありました。公演が近づくにつれて、これらの自習の頻度は増えました。まずは謡から始め、その後舞へと移り、最後にセリフ(脇とのやり取りなど)を組み込みました。この段階的なプロセスは非常によくて、公演の日が近づくと安心感が得られました。公演の準備が整った時には、圧倒されたり、ストレスを感じたりすることはなく、むしろその経験を楽しむ余裕が少しでもありました。

公演当日、楽屋で他の出演者たちが準備をしているのを見ながら、この瞬間を共有できることに深い感謝の念を抱きました。あまり言葉を交わしませんでしたが(シテは舞台に出る直前にあまり喋らないとされています)、周囲の皆さん、特に先生とその弟さん(徳成先生)からのエネルギーを感じました。彼らは私の前の師匠(通成先生)の直接の後継者であり、伝統の継承を目の当たりにして、この一部となれたことを光栄に思いました。

特に強く印象に残ったのは、面をつける直前に鏡の前に立った瞬間です。面は、キャラクターや歴史、能そのものの精神を象徴しているものであると思います。今回使用した面は、道成先生とその娘さん(景子先生)によって制作されたもので、その意味がさらに深まりました。面を顔につけた瞬間、涙をこらえる必要がありました。伝統の重み、つまり私の前にいた人々との個人的なつながりに圧倒されたからです。

公演中は考える時間がほとんどありませんでした。私の焦点は、ミスを避け、落ち着きを保ち、正しい形を作ることにありました。素人として、これだけでも十分に忙しいです。呼吸に集中し、台詞に十分な息を確保し、他の出演者や楽器奏者の声をよく聞き、できる限り応答しました。他の出演者たちの力も感じました。そのエネルギーが私を駆り立て、この集団的な努力が公演の成功にどれほど重要であるかを実感しました。このコラボレーションの感覚が、演劇を独自の芸術形式にしているのです。能はそれを極限まで追求し、上演回数を一度だけのイベントに絞っています。

舞台に立っていると、観客席に多くの馴染みのある顔を見つけ、それが私を大いに励ましました。能は観客のために演じられるものであり、彼らの視線を感じながら、謙虚でありながらも、重要なゲストが多くいることを意識していました。私は日本国内外の能楽研究の第一人者たちと共に仕事をする幸運に恵まれています。彼らの前で演じるのは、非常に緊張するものでした。若宗家の金剛龍謹(御家元の息子)が地頭を勤め、そして多くの偉い能楽師たちが出演している中で、私だけが舞台で場違いな存在に感じました。しかし、長年の稽古を経て、そのような恥ずかしさを克服し、完璧さにこだわらず、その日、その時の自分を見せることができるようになりました。

何人かの方々から、前半(静御前)が特に良かったと言われ、その通りだと思います。私はその部分を非常に楽しみました。公演の前半と後半にはそれぞれ異なる難しさがありました。特に足の長い私にとって、唐織の着流での舞は簡単ではありません。装束は動きを小さなステップに制限し、バランスを保つのが難しいです。後半では、面と装束を着けながら、強くかつ清潔な型を演じ、スピードの緩急を知る技術が必要です。この演目では長刀の取り扱いが難しく、特に飛び回しに囃子方に刃が当たらないか心配していました。長い腕は本当に危険です!面はまた、立体視を制限するため、他の出演者の安全を確保するための深度感覚を判断するのが難しいです。このような注意力とコントロールは、フルキャストでの舞台経験を通じてのみ養われるものでしょう。

今回私が感じたのは、準備の孤独さと公演の協力的なエネルギーとの対比です。能では、多くの稽古が個人で行われ、しばしば師匠との二人きりです。しかし、舞台に立つと、それはグループの努力となり、この移行によって生じる緊張が、演劇の重要な要素となります。もし私たちが何ヶ月も一緒に稽古をしていたら、今回の公演の持つ強度や自発性はなかったでしょう。

また、私の大学の教え子である奈美さんが義経役を勤めたことも、とても嬉しいことでした。彼女はゼロから始め、過去二年半で驚くべき進歩を遂げました。彼女の成長と発展を目の当たりにできたことは非常に報われるものであり、私は深く感謝しています。

今回の公演は、驚くほどハイテンションで終わりました。2013年、初めてシテとして能を演じた時、「もう二度とやらない!」と感じましたが、今回はすぐに舞台に戻り、間違いを修正したいと思いました。たくさんのミスがありましたが、改善し続けたいという強い意欲を感じました。

フィードバックについては、普段は稽古中にとても口頭で、論理的かつ分析的な師匠が、舞台の後は割と控えめです。実はそれがありがたく思います。教員として、フィードバックを与えることの難しさと、言葉が持つ重みを理解しているからです。私が自分に対して批判的であり、失敗したこと、もっと良くすべきだったことを指摘した時、師匠はそれを前向きなものに変えようとしてくれました。彼は、すべての達成が発展の継続的な道のりの一歩に過ぎないということを強調しました。この考え方は非常に重要であり、前進し続けるための燃料となりますね。

総じて、私は公演とイベント全体の結果に満足しており、次のプロジェクトが楽しみです。ダラダラと書きましたが、この感想文を読んでいただき、またサポートしていただき、ありがとうございます。これからも何卒よろしくお願い致します!

ディエゴ ペレッキア

Performing Funa Benkei (25 August 2024)

📣Performance announcement📣

I am thrilled to announce that on August 25, 2024 (Sunday), I will perform the nō play Funa Benkei as the shite (main actor). This is the second time I perform a full nō play with costume and mask; the first was Kiyotsune in 2013.

This performance will be part of the Kei’un-kai recital, organized every summer by the Udaka family. I am also grateful for the support of the Italian Culture Institute in Osaka. I will release more information about this performance soon. For now, I am focusing on training.

I hope you will come share this special day with me and the other members of the Udaka Kei’un-kai!

2024年8月25日(日)に、能『船弁慶』のシテ(主役)を勤めさせていただくことになりました。能面・装束をつけて、フル形式で能を演じるのは、2013年の『清経』以来、2回目となります。

この公演は、宇高家が毎年夏に主催する景雲会の大会の一環として行われます。また、イタリア文化会館-大阪のご特別協力に感謝しております。公演の詳細は近日中に発表いたします。現在は、お稽古に専念しております。

景雲会の他のメンバーと共に、皆様とこの特別な一日を過ごせることを楽しみにしております!


The First Udaka Michishige Memorial performance event / Maibayashi “Kantan”

English and Italian follow Japanese

8月22日(日曜日)故 宇髙通成一周忌追善会「景雲会大会」にて舞囃子〈邯鄲〉を金剛流師範として勤めさせていただきます。通成先生は芸術として能を稽古するだけではなく、能を通じて人生を新たな視点から見る方法を教えてくれました。私たちにとってこの日は通成先生にもう一度感謝を伝える大事な機会となります。皆様のご来場を心よりお待ち申し上げます。

I’m happy to announce that, on August 22 (Sun) 2021 I will perform the maibayashi excerpt from the nō play “Kantan” on the occasion of the first Udaka Michishige Memorial Performance event at the Kongō Nō Theatre in Kyoto.

This will be my first performance as “shihan” (licensed instructor) of the Kongō School. Michishige-sensei took care of my shihan license application in 2020, from his hospital bed. Though the illness weakened him, he took care of his students until the very last moment. This day will be an important chance for us to express our gratitude to Michishige-sensei, whose work showed us a way we see nō not only as art, but as a way to see life. I hope you will join us on this special day! The event begins at 11:00 with various dance excerpts. I will perform at around 12:45.

Sono felice di annunciare che, Domenica 22 Agosto 2021 parteciperò alla prima performance in memoria del Maestro Udaka Michishige con un maibayashi estratto dal dramma nō “Kantan” presso il Teatro Nō Kongō, a Kyoto.

Questa sara’ la mia prima performance in qualità di “shihan” (istruttore certificato) della scuola Kongō. Il Maestro Michishige si prese cura della mia domanda di certificazione nell’inverno del 2020, dal suo letto di ospedale. Nonostante la malattia lo avesse indebolito, il Maestro si prese cura dei suoi studenti fino all’ultimo momento. Questo giorno sarà un’opportunità per esprimere nuovamente la nostra gratitudine al Maestro Michishige, il cui lavoro ci ha mostrato un modo di vedere il nō non solo come arte, ma anche come vita.

The future of 3D nō experience?

Canon and IBM Japan will join forces to promote performing arts using volumetric video technology, which I understand as being a form of 3D video filming which will allow to freely move the point of view around the stage. Captured images are digitally processed so that they can be modified adding CGI. The Iemoto of the Hōshō school, Hōshō Kazufusa, is collaborating with this project – you can see samples of his performance of Aoinoue on the Volumetric x Noh Website.

Video del nō “Shōjō” con sottotitoli in italiano

The video of Udaka Tatsushige’s full performance of the nō play Shōjō with English and Italian subtitles is now available online.

Sono molto felice di condividere con voi il video completo del nō Shōjō (猩々), con sottotitoli in inglese e in italiano! La performance e’ prodotta da Udaka Tatsushige e Norishige, ed e’ stata filmata nell’autunno del 2020 presso il teatro della Scuola Kongō, a Kyoto. Il ruolo di protagonista (shite) e’ interpretato da Udaka Tatsushige.

In occasione della pubblicazione di questo video ho avuto il piacere di tradurre il testo del nō e ho deciso di approfittarne per studiare questo brano approfonditamente. Spero di poter pubblicare presto i risultati della mia piccola ricerca in italiano. Anche un dramma breve e apparentemente semplice come Shōjō e’ in realtà molto denso di significati e ricco rimandi a leggende e tradizioni. Purtroppo il formato “video con sottotitoli” non permette di aggiungere le note, supporto indispensabile per apprezzare appieno la molteciplità di significati che ciascun verso contiene. Nella mia traduzione ho cercato di rendere il testo comprensibile anche senza un apparato critico. Aggiungo una breve introduzione e vi auguro buona visione! (Non dimenticate di attivare i sottotitoli in italiano. Se non sapete come fare, leggete qui).

La storia del nō Shōjō è ambientata nella Cina della Dinastia Tang (secoli VII-X). Un uomo di nome Kōfu vive alle pendici del monte Kanekin, nei pressi del villaggio di Yōzu. Kōfu racconta di essere molto devoto ai suoi genitori – la pietà filiale (kōkō 孝行) è una delle virtù centrali del pensiero Confuciano, fondamento etico della società giapponese. Kōfu riceve in sogno un oracolo nel quale i genitori gli suggeriscono di andare al mercato e vendere il sakè. Lui segue diligentemente il consiglio dei genitori, apre un negozio di vino, e si arricchisce. A un certo punto, un misterioso avventore prende a visitare il negozio di Kōfu. Dice di essere “Shōjō” e di venire dal mare. Incuriosito, Kōfu si reca alla baia e attende la nuova venuta di Shōjō, il quale presto emerge dall’acqua. Kōfu e Shōjō bevono insieme, elogiando le virtù del sakè, e Shōjō celebra questo incontro con una danza. Infine, Shōjō premia Kōfu donandogli una giara di vino inesauribile, prova della sua virtù e allo stesso tempo, in termini più pragmatici, assicurazione di prosperità economica per i suoi discendenti.

Fra i molti temi che varrebbe la pena commentare, vorrei soffermarmi brevemente sull’associazione fra sakè e crisantemi, ricorrente nel testo di questo nō. Secondo una tradizione di origine cinese, durante la notte i fiori di crisantemo venivano coperti da pezze di cotone per poter raccogliere la rugiada depositata su di essi il mattino seguente. Si credeva che cospargersi il corpo con questa rugiada profumata potesse allungare la vita o curare le malattie. Questo rito veniva svolto il nono giorno del nono mese del calendario lunare. Tale giorno, noto come chōyō no sekku, era una delle cinque festività stagionali. [1] Nel periodo Heian (secoli VIII-XII) l’aristocrazia giapponese usava festeggiare questo giorno con un banchetto durante il quale si beveva sakè nel quale erano stati immersi fiori di crisantemo. La festa divenne quindi associata al sakè, ma anche alla stagione della raccolta del riso, con il quale si prepara questo vino. [2] Il crisantemo e la luna, simbolo di purezza e di sincerità, sono elementi tradizionalmente associati all’autunno. Il colore rosso, che caratterizza il costume di Shōjō, allude non solo al suo possibile stato di ebrezza, ma anche ai colori del fogliame autunnale. La veste interna surihaku e la gonna-pantalone hakama sono decorate con motivi di onde in oro su fondo rosso, mentre il kimono broccato karaori è ricco di motivi floreali fra cui sono evidenti, appunto, crisantemi di vari colori.


[1] Il significato simbolico della data e’ il seguente: il numero 9, segno dispari, quindi “positivo” (yang) e indivisible e’ il numero a singola cifra più grande. La ripetizione del 9 rende il nono giorno del nono mese il giorno più “yang” dell’anno.

[2] Questa leggenda compare in un altro nō, Kiku jidō (o Makura jidō).

Noh theatre shining in the dark

I haven’t written here for a long time. Apologies. As the “corona days” continue, noh and kyogen activities have resumed, albeit with restrictions in terms of audience capacity. Programs tend to be shorter, and in some cases plays that feature fewer performer appearing on stage at the same time are chosen. Chorus members, often reduced in number, wear cloth masks. I have also seen productions with plexiglas panels between the musicians. I think this is more a way to show that the performers “care” to reduce the chance of infection more than anything else…

Meanwhile I was asked to write a short essay for “Noh”, a small publication produced by the Kyoto Kanze Noh Theatre.

I translate the Japanese title in “Noh theatre shining in the dark”. In the essay I talk about an age-old issue: what should be done to attract new audiences to the noh theatre. Tanizaki Junichirō praised the darkness that enveloped noh performers before the advent of natural light. Much of that darkness has been lost with the advent of artificial light. Artificial, not artistic. I am drawn to the “darkness” of noh, a word which I use as a metaphor for the the unknown, the unseen, the unprocessed. Perhaps even the non-existent. Although this is what I find fascinating about noh, most of the attempts to attract new audiences to noh theatre go the opposite way. Explanations, demonstrations, workshops – all of which, I admit, are things in which I am involved, and that I myself promote. These activities provide answers to questions. They “shed light” on something obscure that needs to be understood in order to be enjoyed. This is a misunderstanding of how art appreciation in general (not just noh) works. I find this tendency to be particularly strong in Japan, where manuals on the “correct way” to appreciate noh or other arts proliferate, and performances are typically preceded by an “explanation” by a scholar or other expert (again, something I have done and will probably keep doing). I believe that enjoying noh cannot be reduced to finding confirmation in the answers we give in workshops. Noh is not Q&A. It should be more like a conversation emerging from the encounter with the unknown. The preparation we need to watch noh is not to be found in manuals, but in an education in “creative interpretation”, something that requires a much longer period of “study” than a workshop.

Learning from Corona: nō videos

In a recent interview for Tokyo Shimbun, Hōshō Kazufusa, iemoto of the Hōshō school, has commented on the current coronavirus crisis, saying that (I paraphrase) many people think that the tension perceived in a nō performance cannot be transmitted through videos, but there are things such as the breathing of the performers or the sweat dripping from their chins that film techniques can capture in order to convey the “drama” of nō performance.

I very much agree with this. The problem with YouTube videos of nō is that many of them are produced without the necessary attention to how the performances are filmed. Of course, there are reasons for this, including organization, timing, and, most importantly, budget. But there could also be a lack of awareness of the shortcomings and potentials of the video medium.

I think that there could be a future for nō videos if the quality improves. Filmed performances of kabuki, but also of the National Theatre or The Globe may serve as inspiration. The current crisis will eventually (hopefully) end, but the Internet is going to stay. I hope nō will be able to make good use of it.

On kamae – the basics of standing

For any actor, the most basic, yet the most difficult thing to do is to ‘just stand on stage’. We try to ‘be natural’ – but there is not one single way of ‘looking natural’, yet we can perceive ‘naturalness’, which may also be interpreted as  ‘confidence’. Since there is no set way of doing it, the inexperienced actor will try think about what kind of thing would be best to do in order to look natural.

We feel exposed, naked, we feel like we appear too neutral, too uninteresting. We feel compelled to express something by doing something. We chose to do something and we are judged by this choice.

A terrible example of kamae – The Mood performing Blackberry Way

In nō, there is no need to do all that, since we have kamae – we are told how to stand and look natural on stage – then it’s just a matter to do it properly. We are not judged on the basis of what we decide to do, but on the basis of how well we are reproducing a pre-existent form.

This actually extends well beyond just nō. In Japan you can find kamae everywhere. Hands together in front of the body, or along the sides. There is a kamae for sitting, with hands on your knees (men) or on your lap (women).